بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ
Viking map in there end days
Introduction
Vikings a civilisation with not a good image but still important to historians as influencing a large area of the globe mainly comprising of people who are known as uncivilized but why so we would try to find in this article. Vikings is civilisation started around 8th century A.D till 12th century founded by northwestern European with a common approach. They have left there mark on modern day Europe and Britain specially as well as Russia, Iceland, Greenland and Newfoundland.
Who were the Vikings?
Through there are some modern misconception about them that are they are linked by some kind of race and filled by kind of patriotism and perhaps can not be defined by any particular sense of patriotism. Most of them are from modern nations today known as Denmark, Norway and Sweden through there are historical records of Finnish, Estonian, and Saami Vikings as well. The non Vikings major population Europe saw them as foreigners who are uncivilized and are non christians.
Reasons behind vikings expansion!
Some people says vikings expansions are because there own lands were getting over populated but this can be because they were more after riches and fortunes rather than land. Europe from the eighth century was growing richer and there were trade centers achieving the high levels and many markets have high demands of Scandinavian fur so vikings learned about trade and coping up with Europeans. New sailing technology helped the vikings to grow.
Early Vikings raids
Early viking raids were comprised of hit and run activities were there main focus was over monasteries built on shores often unguarded. The U.K isles shores were on the main target. Vikings do not religious institutions much in A.D 793, an attack on the Lindisfarne monastery off the coast of the Northumberland in northeastern England the beginning of the Viking age, although the monastery wasn't destroyed but it shook the European religious world to its core.
Conquests in the British Isles
By the middle Ninth century, Ireland,Scotland and England have become major target for the vikings they also came to know about various areas within and near ireland. When the king Charles the Bald began defending West Frankia more energetically in 862, fortifying towns, Abbeys, rivers, and coastel areas, Viking forces began more to concentrate more on England than Frankia. In the rise of viking attacks only one region was able to resist. Eventually English were able to defeat Vikings and Erik the bloodaxe was defeated expelled and killed around 952, permanently uniting English into one Kingdom.
Viking settlements Europe and beyond
Meanwhile, Viking armies remained active on the European continent throughout the ninth century, brutally sacking Nantes (on the French coast) in 842 and attacking towns as far inland as Paris, Limoges, Orleans, Tours and Nimes. In 844, Vikings stormed Seville (then controlled by the Arabs); in 859, they plundered Pisa, though an Arab fleet battered them on the way back north. In 911, the West Frankish king granted Rouen and the surrounding territory by treaty to a Viking chief called Rollo in exchange for the latter’s denying passage to the Seine to other raiders. This region of northern France is now known as Normandy, or “land of the Northmen.”
In the ninth century, Scandinavians (mainly Norwegians) began to colonize Iceland, an island in the North Atlantic where no one had yet settled in large numbers. By the late 10th century, some Vikings (including the famous Erik the Red) moved even further westward, to Greenland. According to later Icelandic histories, some of the early Viking settlers in Greenland (supposedly led by the Norwegian Viking hero Lief Erikson, son of Erik the Red) may have become the first Europeans to discover and explore North America. Calling their landing place Vinland (Wine-land), they built a temporary settlement at L’Anse aux Meadows in modern-day Newfoundland. Beyond that, there is little evidence of Viking presence in the New World, and they didn’t form permanent settlements.
End of vikings
By the end of 11th century the vikings was absorbed in what is now called as christian Europe. Although the leftover of there can still be seen in history and artifacts. Scandinavian lands were the main center of viking civilisation.
